![]() Around 1300, the spindle was invented to fabricate fibers from wool and cotton for the production of fabrics and clothes, and this practice slowly evolved into the textile industry in the 1880s. Fragments of cotton articles dating back to 5000 BC have been excavated, and silkworm cultivation began in 2700 BC for the production of silk fibers and textiles. The history of fiber production by mankind can be traced back to prehistoric times. 1– 3 As a matter of fact, fibers have been a fundamental part of human life since the dawn of civilization. These and many other natural systems have served as an important source of inspiration for the development of man-made fibers. Silkworms are also well-known for their remarkable ability to produce silk filaments for the construction of cocoons. The webs are constructed from silk fibers with diameters ranging from 2 to 5 μm. For more than 140 million years, spiders have relied on webs of fibers to capture prey. At the end, we discuss approaches to the scale-up production of electrospun nanofibers and briefly discuss various types of commercial products based on electrospun nanofibers that have found widespread use in our everyday life.įibers, in the form of either continuous filaments or elongated objects, are ubiquitous in nature. We also offer perspectives on the challenges, opportunities, and new directions for future development. We highlight the most relevant and recent advances related to the applications of electrospun nanofibers by focusing on the most representative examples. Afterward, we discuss the applications of electrospun nanofibers, including their use as “smart” mats, filtration membranes, catalytic supports, energy harvesting/conversion/storage components, and photonic and electronic devices, as well as biomedical scaffolds. We then discuss its renaissance over the past two decades as a powerful technology for the production of nanofibers with diversified compositions, structures, and properties. We begin with a brief introduction to the early history of electrospinning, followed by discussion of its principle and typical apparatus. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of electrospinning, including the principle, methods, materials, and applications. Remarkable progress has been made with regard to the development of electrospinning methods and engineering of electrospun nanofibers to suit or enable various applications.
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